L'année 2012 a vu se fêter les anniversaires des « quarante ans de la Zone franc », des cinquante ans de la Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO) et des quarante ans de la Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (BEAC), venant eux-mêmes après dix ans de la Banque...

The real exchange rate alone cannot decide the fate of growth. The wider and less aggregative the model adopted, the lower is the effect of a currency depreciation. Especially when the depreciation monitored over a long period of time and integrated into the behaviour of economic actors. In the...

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Although Britain has been one of the hardest hit among the EU member states by the corona pandemic, Boris Johnson left the EU at the end of 2020. Brexit supporters endorsed the idea of CANZUK, i.e. a union between the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand....

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Although Britain has been one of the hardest hit among the EU member states by the corona pandemic, Boris Johnson left the EU at the end of 2020. Brexit supporters endorsed the idea of CANZUK, i.e. a union between the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand....

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Although Britain has been one of the hardest hit among the EU member states by the corona pandemic, Boris Johnson left the EU at the end of 2020. Brexit supporters endorsed the idea of CANZUK, i.e. a union between the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand....

Following the Brexit, London endorsed a CANZUK union with its former white settler colonies, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. This was meant as a valuable alternative to replace lost EU-market access. In contrast, non-white former British dominions – whether big (like India, Pakistan) or...

Following the Brexit, London endorsed a CANZUK union with its former white settler colonies, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. This was meant as a valuable alternative to replace lost EU-market access. In contrast, non-white former British dominions – whether big (like India, Pakistan) or...

Following the Brexit, London endorsed a CANZUK union with its former white settler colonies, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. This was meant as a valuable alternative to replace lost EU-market access. In contrast, non-white former British dominions – whether big (like India, Pakistan) or...

Following the Brexit, London endorsed a CANZUK union with its former white settler colonies, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. This was meant as a valuable alternative to replace lost EU-market access. In contrast, non-white former British dominions – whether big (like India, Pakistan) or...