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Social security systems are often treated according to their epistemology. The bismarckian and beverdgian systems could be the origin of all social protection systems. The firs was created by Bismark at 1883 in Germany, it was based on the insurance principal. The beverigian system was...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015239090
Populist nationalism is on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa. Depending on the political orientation, it is both reinforced and confronted by social media and social movements. Nationalism also cements the longstanding rule of autocratic regimes in West Africa, particularly in Togo, Benin and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015268747
German Abstract: ‚Aufgeklärte‘ westafrikanische Diktatur herausgefordert durch die Entstehung eines Schattenstaates ? Einblicke aus Benin, Togo und Senegal] -. Populistischer Nationalismus ist in Subsahara-Afrika auf dem Vormarsch. Er wird je nach politischer Ausrichtung durch soziale...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014236431
French Abstract: La dictature ouest-africaine « éclairée » contestée par la capture de l'État ? Perspectives du Bénin, du Togo et du Sénégal] - Le nationalisme populiste est en hausse en Afrique subsaharienne. Selon l'orientation politique, elle est à la fois renforcée et confrontée...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014242867
Drawing from the literature on the determinants of corruption, this article examines the relationship between corruption and the nature of state of fragility. Robust empirical evidence shows a correlation between the level of corruption and state fragility. In a further assessment with the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015235884
Drawing from the literature on the determinants of corruption, this article examines the relationship between corruption and the nature of state of fragility. Robust empirical evidence shows a correlation between the level of corruption and state fragility. In a further assessment with the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015242258
Quebec municipalities face a critical financial crisis. Both their main sources of income, (governmental transfers and … prioritise deficit reduction, intergovernmental transfers towards municipalities have been reduced. This situation is not … particular to Quebec, all over the world, municipalities have taken on a greater number of responsibilities and have witnessed …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005417537
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