Cet article expose la problématique de la volatilité des prix des matières premières, montre quels sont les moyens pour s’en protéger et explique comment les employer. Les instruments de couverture sont présentés en première section, en distinguant le type de besoin auquel ils...

We identify and examine the presence of the long memory in equity returns and more generally in specific transformations of these returns, on both the US and European stock markets. Taking into account the persistence phenomenon, we analyze the effect of the splitting of the sample period on the...

This aim of this study is to estimate the price of coffee and cocoa using a methodology based on Hodrick-Prescott filter, Kalman filter and a Markov Switching Model which, unlike linear models, allows the parameters to vary depending on the economic situation, the transitions between regimes are...

La littérature sur l'instabilité macroéconomique couvre un champ extrêmement vaste qui se révèle par le spectre très large de mesures utilisées pour appréhender ce phénomène. Le choix de la mesure de l'instabilité macroéconomique apparait généralement peu discuté sous le...

Since July 2003, the Banque de France has been using seasonally adjusted (SA) data for the monthly reporting of national monetary developments, with renewed statistical tools. Before the start of the single currency in 1999, the Banque de France already calculated seasonally adjusted data, using...

The analysis of seasonality in economics and the development of new seasonal adjustment procedures have been following new directions in the last twenty years. We study this question through the work performed at the Banque de France (Monetary Statistic and Studies Directorate) to compile new...

In 1997, overall spending on French agriculture (including the financing of social security for farmers)came to nearly 170 billion French francs. Some 73 billion French francs of this was in the form of aid concerning more directly the farms as production units. This aid, or "official productive...

Abstract The objective of this work is to analyse the effect of financial inclusion on agricultural exports from UEMOA countries through the quality of institutions. The aim is to analyse the role of institutional quality in the coverage of decentralised financial services such as microfinance...

English Since its introduction in 2011, crop insurance in the Sahel (CSI), which appeared as a practical innovation in West Africa, has been struggling to spread in Burkina Faso. As an index-based insurance scheme, it is expected to secure financing for agriculture and preserve farmers' incomes...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been embraced enthusiastically by Africans as a new resource for African development. AI could improve well-being by enabling innovation in business, education, health, ecology, urban planning, industry, etc. However, the high expectations could be little more...