Faced with a mixed civilian population, the action of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) can be grasped in the light of collective action. According to its support to the PCC, we can divide up the population into two groups. The first has an interest in the action of the new government which must...

As early as 1991, Ali Mazrui argued that the Red Sea was not suitable for separating Africa from Arabia. For the two were inextricably intertwined through languages, religions (particularly Islam) and identities in both the Sahara and the Red Sea in a historical fusion of Arabism and African...

Following the Brexit, London endorsed a CANZUK union with its former white settler colonies, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. This was meant as a valuable alternative to replace lost EU-market access. In contrast, non-white former British dominions – whether big (like India, Pakistan) or...

Following the Brexit, London endorsed a CANZUK union with its former white settler colonies, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. This was meant as a valuable alternative to replace lost EU-market access. In contrast, non-white former British dominions – whether big (like India, Pakistan) or...

Following the Brexit, London endorsed a CANZUK union with its former white settler colonies, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. This was meant as a valuable alternative to replace lost EU-market access. In contrast, non-white former British dominions – whether big (like India, Pakistan) or...

Following the Brexit, London endorsed a CANZUK union with its former white settler colonies, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. This was meant as a valuable alternative to replace lost EU-market access. In contrast, non-white former British dominions – whether big (like India, Pakistan) or...

Problems of access to finance in developing countries can be decisive in generating poverty traps and persistent income inequalities. Unlike traditional finance which excluded vulnerable populations from participating in financial activities, microfinance institutions have made it easier for the...

Problems of access to finance in developing countries can be decisive in generating poverty traps and persistent income inequalities. Unlike traditional finance which excluded vulnerable populations from participating in financial activities, microfinance institutions have made it easier for the...

This paper extends the Solow-Swan growth model by incorporating environmental factors, applied specifically to Madagascar. The model simulates three scenarios: (1) a baseline scenario with low savings and high deforestation; (2) an economic reform scenario with increased savings but no...

Over the past four decades, developing countries have not been immune to international financial changes. Today, the destabilizing effects of financial liberalization are affecting even developed economies. This paper reviews the theoretical foundations and the different relationships between...