In telecommunications some operators have deployed their own networks whereas others have not. The latter firms must purchase wholesale products from the former to be able to compete on the final market. We show that, even when network operators compete in prices and offer homogenous products on...

[eng] The economic literature considers that in the media industry, production is characterized by large fixed costs and economies of scale. This idea is questioned by empirical evidence : it is often the case that the larger the audience for a program or a movie, the higher the production cost....