This paper focuses on the debate held in the twenties and thirties of the last century between libertarian economists and socialist economists, following the denial by the first ones of the feasibility of a socialist economy. This controversy is well known to specialists and has been widely...

This paper is about analyzing the performance of MFIs. In the microfinance sector, the definition of performance varies according to the purpose of the MFI : Is it to reach the maximum of the poor, or to achieve sustainability and financial performance ? The framework for analyzing the...

This paper is about analyzing the performance of MFIs. Our study focuses on Arab MFIs in the MENA region. We chose 18 MFIs from 7 Arab countries in the MENA region namely : Tunisia ; Morocco ; Egypt ; Palestine ; Jordan ; Lebanon and Yemen. Our goal is to answer the following questions : Are...

Putin attaches great importance to rebuilding Russia as a world power, including relations with Africa. But while the Soviet Union used to advocate socialist modernization in Africa, Moscow no longer offers socialist ideologies. Instead, it focuses on access to African elites, particularly...

Putin attaches great importance to rebuilding Russia as a world power, including relations with Africa. But while the Soviet Union used to advocate socialist modernization in Africa, Moscow no longer offers socialist ideologies. Instead, it focuses on access to African elites, particularly...

In July 2020 the EU parliament voted in favour to Croatia’s bid to become the newest member of the eurozone from 1 January 2023. It fulfilled all the criteria for adopting the euro, despite the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, high inflation, and the impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine....

Le rapport prend en considération un éventail d'indicateurs non économiques parmi lesquels diverses mesures de transformations démographiques, telles que les tendances de la mortalité, de la fécondité, du mariage et du divorce. Ces changements peuvent présenter de l'intérêt par...

French Abstract: En juillet 2020, le Parlement européen a voté en faveur de la candidature de la Croatie pour devenir le plus récent membre de la zone euro à partir du 1er janvier 2023. Malgré le revers de la pandémie de COVID-19, il a rempli tous les critères d'adoption de l'euro, compte...

The English version of this paper can be found at http://ssrn.com/abstract=4067193.French Abstract: Poutine attache une grande importance à la reconstruction de la Russie en tant que puissance mondiale, y compris les relations avec l'Afrique. Mais alors que l'Union soviétique prônait la...

French Abstract: Poutine attache une grande importance à la reconstruction de la Russie en tant que puissance mondiale, y compris les relations avec l'Afrique. Mais alors que l'Union soviétique prônait la modernisation socialiste en Afrique, Moscou ne propose plus d'idéologies socialistes....