Africa is today the most important part of the Francophonie. French is an official or co-official language along with other languages in 21 African countries, all in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Since the end of colonialism and Cold War politics, changes in the Francophonie have been driven largely...

It became clear, sometimes in a dramatic way that the world is going through the most difficult economic and financial crisis in history, which may affect its long-term stability. Because of multiple interferences in the context of the globalization of markets, the financial crisis triggered in...

This note, intended for cross-border and national investors like banks, companies, financial markets, large national and international institutions aims to answer the multiple questions on the decision-making to intervene or not in this country with lower middle income (PRITI). To paraphrase...

India has created the basic rules of modern economic and political life. While the country’s institutional framework needs strengthening, it will allow India to prosper without drastic changes. Gradual economic reform has transformed India, putting it on a much faster growth path. Economic...

Hourly labour productivity levels in a number of European countries are thought to be very close to, or possibly even higher than the level 'observed' in the United States. At the same time, however, there are big differentials between hours worked and/or employment rates in these countries and...

L’estimation de la productivité horaire « structurelle » permet une lecture originale des inflexions de la productivité aux États-Unis et du phénomène de rattrapage, sur les dernières décennies, de son niveau par les autres pays industrialisés.

After experiencing two consecutive quarters of positive growth in 2009, it is now clear that the recession in the euro zone is technically over, even though GDP decreased by 4% on an annual basis, and even though some countries like Spain or Ireland are still lagging behind. Growth was fuelled...

(VF)La démarche stratégique connaît à l’heure actuelle une évolution importante induite en particulier par le processus de globalisation qui concerne entre autres la vie socio-économique marquée par une complexité rapidement croissante, ainsi que par les exigences d’un développement...

This paper deals with the role of speculation on food prices' fluctuations in Senegal. The analysis is based on a nonlinear rational expectations commodity storage model which seems to be the appropriate approach to explain the behavior of the speculators who intervene on the food markets. The...

Using Consensus Forecasts monthly surveys, we show that experts' interest rate expectations in the Eurofranc market do not verify the rational expectations hypothesis. Instead, these expectations are found to be generated by a mixed process combining the traditional adaptive, regressive and...