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This paper defines first profitability and its measurement. Net operating return on assets is shown to be the only kind … of profitability that can be derived from business accounting data - adequately reprocessed - and provide relevant … means of cumulated flows of investment. Such estimates of profitability are closer to those provided by the national …
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English Abstract: [Social Agency matters! - African and Chinese entrepreneurs as agents of change] - The book reviewed, edited by Laurence Marfaing and Karsten Giese, documents a research project, on-going since six years, at the German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA-Hamburg) which...
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of formalization on access to credit by taking the example of Togolese (small and medium) enterprises. To achieve this objective, we test the hypothesis that the formalization of firms has a significant effect on access to credit. To do so, a...
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of formalization on access to credit by taking the example of Togolese (small and medium) enterprises. To achieve this objective, we test the hypothesis that the formalization of firms has a significant effect on access to credit. To do so, a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015269973