Real gross domestic product (GDP) fails to account for the trading gains and losses that result from changes in the terms of trade and in the real exchange rate (the price of tradables relative to the price of nontradables). Canada has enjoyed vast improvements in its terms of trade over recent...

Already evoked in the years 1970 by American economists such as Sargen, the concept of country risk returned to the front of the economic scene following the financial crises of the years 1990.The concept of country risk is not new insofar as it is inherent in the swaps between two economic...

The aim of this paper is to question the cognitive capitalism hypothesis: are the major transformations of the wage labour nexus and regime of accumulation, created a new capitalism era? A positive answer to this question then relegates to a second rank the thesis of financial capitalism. For...

La place accordée aux villes dans la politique climatique découle d’un constat simple : elles abritent la majorité de la population mondiale, consomment les deux tiers de l’énergie mondiale et produisent plus de 70 % des émissions mondiales liées à cette consommation. Au niveau...

This article studies the impact of monetary policy on real economy in Europe through a particular transmission mechanism: the credit channel. The credit channel is based on the existence of information asymmetries in financial markets that change the agents financing conditions. According to the...