ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : The EU-Mercosur deal of 2019 was heralded as a milestone of free trade agreements worldwide in times of growing protectionism and nationalism. Critics condemned deficient ecological and sanitary standards as well as persistent non-tariff barriers to trade....

Since Russia's war in Ukraine, many European countries have been scrambling to find alternative energy sources. One of the answers was to increase imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). By bypassing the use of pipelines from the East by building LNG terminals, the EU opened up a wider variety...

The African continent is increasingly becoming a battleground in the race between superpowers for access to critical minerals needed for the 'Green Revolution', such as rare earth minerals (REE). Companies from China, the USA and Russia play a major role. In most cases, critical minerals are...

The European Union (EU) finds itself in a critical need for rare earths, particularly the refined products essential for the production of electric cars, turbines, and other technological applications. However, the refining process is not only energy-intensive but also poses significant...

Real gross domestic product (GDP) fails to account for the trading gains and losses that result from changes in the terms of trade and in the real exchange rate (the price of tradables relative to the price of nontradables). Canada has enjoyed vast improvements in its terms of trade over recent...

Management science is based on the idea of an economic agent who seeks to maximise his personal interest, i.e. the so-called homo economicus. The bodies of academic literature of finance and marketing rely mainly on this fundamental hypothesis. However, recent developments during the last decade...

This paper presents the concept of articulation of modes of production in the works of the german africanist Georg Elwert born in 1947 and died in 2005. After the explanation of concepts of mode of production and articulation of modes of production, the paper analyzes how Professor Georg Elwert...

The present paper puts forward a new hypothesis about the economic circuit, which is a product of Marx’s “period of production” and Keynes’s determination order between investment and savings. It leads to a new definition of profit which excludes any remaining competition between savings...

La contribution entend reprendre les aspects fondamentaux du mutualisme : le principe démocratique et égalitaire. C’est à l’aune de F.G. Raiffensen et à l’inspiration rurale et chrétienne-sociale de la Rhénanie de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle que nous pensons que les...

In the numerical examples used by Marx to study the reproduction of social capital, the economy reaches a steady growth path in only two periods. This surprising outcome has been interpreted by Marx’s readers as a property of a model which excludes any sort of economic crisis. This paper shows...