This essay aims to analyze the economic and social role of foreign (forestieri) merchants and artisans in Venice between the low middle age and the early modern time. In search of new perspectives of work, many strangers, also of different religions, came in Venice, where they organize...

The aim of this paper is to show the strategies of the Venetian Patricians (and those from the Mainland) face to the risk. The diversifications of investments (in all the economic sectors, as agriculture, manufacture, trade, public and private finance) and the flexibility in the domestic and...

Cet article expose la problématique de la volatilité des prix des matières premières, montre quels sont les moyens pour s’en protéger et explique comment les employer. Les instruments de couverture sont présentés en première section, en distinguant le type de besoin auquel ils...

(VF)L'histoire de l'activisme actionnarial telle qu'on l'a racontée a donné aux premiers "contestataires" moins d'attention qu'ils ne le méritent. Non seulement ils étaient célèbres à leur époque, mais ils ont soulevé des questions qui sont toujours d'actualité. Lorsque les questions...

This article aims to examine the theoretical foundations and practical aspects underlying the creation of a common currency based on natural resources, within the space of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES). On July 6, 2024, in Niamey, the leaders of Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger signed the...

This article aims to examine the theoretical foundations and practical aspects underlying the creation of a common currency based on natural resources, within the space of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES). On July 6, 2024, in Niamey, the leaders of Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger signed the...

This paper assesses the shock impact of commodity prices on the macroeconomic framework in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Using a Vector autoregressive (VAR) model, we determine the impulses of each macroeconomic sector to lower prices. The results indicate that this shock leads to...

With the recent fall in commodity prices, the super-dependent economies of commodities, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have been shaken, especially as these countries consider commodity as manna falling from the sky. Movements in commodity prices have led to significant...

French Abstract:Plusieurs matières premières « critiques » jouent un rôle central dans le déploiement detechnologies essentielles à la transition vers une économie bas-carbone. L'approvisionnementfiable et abordable de ces ressources est soumis à des risques du côté de l'offre, face...

In 1997, overall spending on French agriculture (including the financing of social security for farmers)came to nearly 170 billion French francs. Some 73 billion French francs of this was in the form of aid concerning more directly the farms as production units. This aid, or "official productive...