The fragmentation of public financing flows for developing countries appears to be an essential characteristic of the international financial architecture. This document explores the reasons for the proliferation of various institutions and funds and analyses its consequences in terms of...

Public financial flows to developing countries serve a multitude of purposes, the growing number of which has led over time to an incoherent institutional landscape of international financing. Institutional fragmentation has profound consequences for the effectiveness of policies. Starting from...

The article below argues for the need to strongly accelerate public involvement in support of entrepreneurial emergence in poor and fragile countries. After mentioning the economic and employment issue, it explains how this priority has long disappeared from the international agenda as well as...