In this paper, we rely on panel cointegration techniques to estimate the equilibrium exchange rate of the CFA Franc according to the BEER approach (Behavioural Equilibrium Exchange Rate). Examination of the CFA Franc estimated misalignments revealed that flexibility for the CFA zone in terms of...

This paper examines the causality relationship between immigration, Unemployment and economic growth of the host country. We employ the panel Granger causality testing approach of Kónya (2006) that is based on SUR systems and Wald tests with country specific bootstrap critical values. This...

This paper investigates the causality between prices and index-based trading activity for twelve grain, livestock, and other soft commodity futures markets. We use panel Granger causality estimations based on SUR systems and Wald tests with market-specific bootstrap critical values. This...