The author analyses and researches metal objects (artefacts) similar to contemporary coins that occasionally appear in monetary circulation for various reasons. The legal emission of objects similar to coins (local coins), made of metals or their alloys, appear in some countries relatively often...

Using different techniques, models and strategies investors are trying to construct their own portfolio whose dynamic performance should beat the market, or portfolio that should achieve yields more than the yield of the market in equilibrium. Active search for undervalued stocks, as well as the...