The liberalisation of the Hungarian electricity and natural gas markets has been completed in 2009. The liberalisation of the electricity market resulted in different competitive positions in the production, the wholesale and the retail trade. The high level of market concentration survived in...

The existence and the use of the essential facilities doctrine was questioned in theory and in practice. Although the doctrine was developed in antitrust, it became a frequently cited notion in the regulation of network utilities. Its relevance is hotly debated during the setup of the new...

The study presents a comprehensive overview of labour market forecasting activities, mostly quantitative, based on multi-sector models, in 12 countries and the European Union. The principal aim of this effort is to provide ideas, lessons and benchmarks for similar forecasting exercises in...