We use the same methodology, that Ecofin-Oecd apply for projecting expenditure in the medium-long term, to reconstruct expenditure in the medium-long past. It is possible to compare the effective expenditure with the reconstructed one. The effective expenditure is of course influenced by policy...

This paper describes the reasons at the basis of the insufficiency of pay-as-you-go systems to provide resources for financing health care in an ageing society with the low rates of growth that will characterise western industrialised economies during next decades. Intuitive arguments are...