We investigate the occurrence of risk sharing among Italian regions with respect to both long run and short run income fluctuations by means of Vector Equilibrium Correction Models (VEqCMs) which allow to test all implications of the theory without preliminary filtering or transformations of...

We analyze households’ economic freedom to determine their standard of living, characterized by their capacity to spend on housing, utilities, food, and transport: economic poverty is a lack of freedom due to budgetary constraints. We propose three new measures. The first is the classical...