Recently, Japanese public pension scheme has been discussed more often, especially about how to finance the scheme. It is possible to finance the scheme by wage-proportional contribution or by Value-Added-Tax, but the allocation may be different depending on the financial method. I find that an...

年金の議論が盛んになってきているが, その中で特に関心がもたれているのは財政方式の問題である。財政方式には保険料方式と消費税方式などがあり, それに依存して資源配分が変化する。本研究では,...

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The purpose of this paper is to estimate the degree of competition of consumer loan industry in Japan utilizing responses to a questionnaire survey conducted by Japan Consumer Finance Association. Estimating the cost function, we found that the industry is characterized by large scale economies....