Previous studies found that although women have disadvantages in terms of wage and working conditions in labor markets, they derive more satisfaction from work than men do. This is called the “gender–job satisfaction paradox.” In this paper, we use a data set composed of company personnel...

To achieve a truly fair way of managing people in organizations and increase organizational competitiveness, designing procedures and structures of human resource management systems appropriately is not sufficient. What are needed in advance are top management's moral or ethical aspirations for...