English Abstract: This study introduces various scenarios of changes in fertility rates and life expectancy of North … Germany, observed after its Reunification: the fertility rate of East Germany dropped by half right after unification; and its … life expectancy converged to the level of West Germany. Therefore, the fertility shock and the convergence of life …

English Abstract:</strong> We empirically analyze the determinants of employment proportions of workers by age groups …. According to the estimation results, policies with consideration of these determinants of employment proportions by age groups … are necessary for increasing employment of each age group …

North Korea, whose the youth population ratio and total fertility rate (TFR) are higher, and South Korea can delay entering …

important policy insights in that investment in women's education is associated with substantial external benefits in terms of …

responses, and suggest directions and measures of medium and long-term employment policies to cope with population aging in a … considering Korea-specific situations as well as the experiences of other OECD countries. There are two broad types of employment …, immigration policies, and policies to fully mobilize the labor resources of women and older people. Policies to enhance the …