This paper examines the decline of National Insurance in Britain, as witnessed by its declining share of all social security spending and the steady dilution of the ¿contributory principle¿ on which it was originally based. It argues that this decline is not an accident: under governments of...

Turkish social security system has been developed under various social security institutions to provide social insurance against various social risks since 1945. Although the system has just 62 years history, it is in such situation that it is just able to provide its services with income...

This paper estimates the fiscal burden of the Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Social Insurance Pension System that was closed in 2008 to new members, and analyzes the appropriateness of the 2008 reforms that introduced the new Social Security Pension System in the TRNC. To calculate the overall deficit,...

The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of the General Social Security System (RGPS) on regional disparities in Brazil. The study examines the impact of social security on regional income distribution at different scales by means of econometric tests, and conventional measures of...

The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of the General Social Security System (RGPS) on regional disparities in Brazil. The study examines the impact of social security on regional income distribution at different scales by means of econometric tests, and conventional measures of...

Throughout the world, the great popularity of programs to protect those who may fall into poverty stands in contrast with the weakness of policies aimed at helping individuals who are already poor to overcome long-term poverty. In the paper, an OLG model with persistent poverty and limited...

While universal health coverage (UHC) offers a powerful goal for a nation, all countries-irrespective of income are struggling with achieving or sustaining UHC. France is a high-income country where HC is in effect universal. Health-related costs are covered by a mix of mandatory social health...

This paper reviews the development of the social security system and trends in the urban labor market in the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). Despite its remarkable economic achievement, the PRC faces a difficult path before it can reform and improve its social security system and provide basic...

Income and consumption inequality increased in all transition economies, albeit to very different levels. The existing literature suggests that countries that were slow to undertake pro-market reforms experienced the largest in- creases in inequality, with the notable exception of Belarus, one...

In most industrial countries, while the calculation of pension bene…ts is progressive, public pension systems redistribute weakly from high to low- income earners. They are close to actuarial fairness. This statement results from the following speci…city: less paid jobs are also heavier and...