In order to study the structure of society, sociologists usually distinguish several homogeneous social groups, or classes. The most common division consists of three groups: upper, middle and lower classes. Such a partition is traditionally based on a subjective (exogenous) criteria adopted by...

The paper aims at introducing copula-models' concepts and its application to solving such financials programs as risk measurement, risk hedging, portfolio optimization, derivatives pricing and duration models evaluation. For the purpose the copula definition is firstly introduced. Then different...