Science and technology (S&T) systems are interconnected with economic systems. After China began to make its economic system more market-oriented in 1979, reforms to its S&T system became urgent. China's major breakthrough in reforming its S&T system occurred in 1985. This paper provides data on...

Starting from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, this article provides background on China’s science and technology (S&T) system and the perceived growing urgency of reforming it in order to support continuing economic growth in China. The need for reform became...