a hypothesis to explain why Spain has one of the world’s lowest business bankruptcy rates, even during the current … the Spanish bankruptcy system relative to that of an alternative insolvency institution, the mortgage system, and the … unattractiveness of the personal bankruptcy law …

Small businesses, the majority of Spanish firms, rarely file for formal bankruptcy when dealing with financial distress …. This is why business bankruptcy rates in Spain are among the lowest in the world, even during the current economic crisis …. To explain this fact we present the following hypothesis. Filing for bankruptcy in Spain is very costly for both small …