The transformation of the world economy from a system of nations trading materials-intensive goods to a system of seamless global networks for information-intensive goods and services has created the need for a comprehensive restructuring of transportation and communications activities. The...

The exhaust gases contain large amounts of unburned hydrocarbons during cranking without combustion. The effects of unburned hydrocarbon recirculation on ignition and combustion during diesel engine cold starts were investigated using both experiments and simulations. Experiments were conducted...