This paper presents an overview of recent U.S. fiscal developments and discusses possible implications of the sharp turn around in the government’s fiscal position. Against this back ground, it also reviews key policy challenges that will need to be addressed to cope with the mounting...

Expanding Anaerobic Digestion (AD) in the UK will not only depend upon finding appropriate economic structures to support on‐farm developments but also an appreciation of environmental issues such as less Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions; reduced use of artificial fertilisers; and better...

This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that reforms initiated earlier this decade in Nigeria have averted the boom–bust pattern that characterized previous oil price cycles and better prepared the economy to deal with the global financial crisis. Non-oil growth averaged 9 percent...

In response to the growing body of literature on the relationship between the environment and institutions, this study investigates how the rule of law influences the turning point of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Using Bradford et al.'s (2005) and Leitão's (2010) alternative...

A world-wide concern has recently emerged about the rapid depletion of natural resources and degradation of environmental conditions caused by the actions of both developed and developing groups of countries. Analysis of panel data covering the period 1990-2008, shows that developed countries...

In order to dynamically investigate the historical evolution of CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> emissions induced by consumption and fixed capital investment, this paper defines the concepts of consumption-type emission (CPE) and construction-type emission (CTE). It also proposes the ratio of consumption-type emission to...</small></sub>

Reducing the impact of greenhouse gases (CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB>) on climate change in an attempt to tackle global warming issues is a challenge many companies and businesses are trying to undertake. Businesses across the globe need to take a leadership role in reducing their carbon footprint. This paper proposes a...</small></sub>

This paper uses the E-simulate model of electricity generation to estimate how much the stacking order of different technologies changes when a carbon price is introduced. Different coal and gas price scenarios are explored, and some sensitivity analysis is made of the relative market share of...

The creation of the EU ETS led to changes in the merit order of the different plants competing on the electricity grid, and in the fuel-switching opportunities in the UK. This country has the greatest potential for CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> emissions reduction through fuel-switching within the EU, thanks to its...</small></sub>

With more than half the world's population living in urban areas, cities have become a major source of local and global atmospheric pollution. Originally developed in the 1990s to decrease local pollution, Local Emission Trading Schemes (ETSs) are now emerging as a promising cost-efficient...