This report – linked to the technical documents of the OECD manuals for the measurement of R&D activities (“Frascati Family”) – presents the essential elements of bibliometrics and its application to the analysis of research systems. Bibliometrics is based on the enumeration and...

Intra-European S&T coauthorships doubled in the last decade, but the collaborative network was surprisingly unaffected. The strongly voluntarist process in the European Union seems far from making collaboration unavoidable or homogeneous. We address the role of frontier regions in the...

This article depicts the evolution of Japanese science and technology policy after the Second World War, shedding light on the ‘reactive’ method applied in formulating S&T policy for nearly 50 years. It argues that this method has attained its limits and that there is constant incoherence...

An important component in the deregulation of the public sector in the European Union is publicprocurement of services and products. This paper studies the bidding behavior of firms participating inpublic tenders of passenger railway services in Sweden. At a later stage in this research, the...

One effect of the regulatory reforms in the transportation sector is that private companiesincreasingly participate in the investments in new transportation systems. These investmentsmay amount to very large sums in the coming 10-year-period. There are several differentways to categorise these...

The purpose of this paper is to describe Sweden's recent reforms to open the railway passenger markets to entry, and to address how the reforms have handled four critical issues for the success of the reforms: the allocation of infrastructure capacity; the provision of maintenance and terminal...