Regulations are often introduced and reformed in response to unanticipated changes in market forces. In late 1973, for example, OPEC quadrupled the world price of oil and U.S. policy makers responded by imposing oil price regulation. Such events pose a fundamental problem of interpretation for...

Since academic scholars and the Wall Street Journal reported widespread evidence indicating that option grants to executives were backdated, an avalanche of news stories followed documenting this ever-widening corporate scandal. In this study we ask: quot;How do disclosures of backdating affect...

The revelation that scores of firms engaged in the illegal manipulation of stock options' grant dates (i.e. quot;backdatingquot;) captured much public attention. The evidence indicates that the consequences stemming from management misconduct and misrepresentation are of first-order importance...