Theoretical studies have noted that loan applicants rejected by one bank can apply at another bank, systematically worsening the pool of applicants faced by all banks. This study presents the first empirical evidence of this effect and explores some additional ramifications, including the role...

When banks face capital regulations and stochastic deposit supply, their decisions to borrow at the discount window will be affected by a broader range of variables than previous theoretical and empirical studies have recognized. Moreover, those decisions can respond discontinuously to changes...

When banks face capital regulations and stochastic deposit supply, their decisions to borrow at the discount window will be affected by a broader range of variables than previous theoretical and empirical studies have recognized. Moreover, those decisions can respond discontinuously to changes...

Traditional theory may suggest that stochastic effects could undermine the validity of a structure-based antitrust policy, but this issue has not been formally addressed. We do so here, finding that either stochastic costs or stochastic demand can indeed undermine the validity of such a policy...

The restructuring of commercial banking has heightened interest in its economic consequences both for the economy as a whole and for those most likely to bear adverse consequences: small businesses, small banks, and rural areas. Most previous research on bank restructuring focuses on changes in...

Recent studies have documented an association between financial structure and growth of per capita income. The relationship between financial structure and job growth, by contrast, is an unexplored issue of independent interest. Here we find that U.S. nonmetropolitan employment grew faster in...