This paper investigates, from both a theoretical and clinical perspective, bond tender offers accompanied by a threat to call nontendered bonds, or so-called STACs. The theoretical analysis explains the use of STACs and derives conditions under which the call threats embedded in STACs are...

This paper investigates the use of debtor-in possession (DIP) financing by firms reorganizing under the protection of Chapter 11. A model is developed in which there is asymmetric information between the creditors of a bankrupt firm and its management. In this context, it is demonstrated that...

Several recent papers have documented the benefits of Debtor-in-possession (DIP) financing in the restructuring of firms in Chapter 11. However, the view on benefits is not unanimous and some legal scholars have raised doubts about DIP financing's effects on debt-holders and the possibility of...

This study empirically examines tender and exchange offers for a recent sample of 46 high-yield debt restructurings by financially distressed firms during 1989-1992. We find significant differences between tender and exchange offers. Firms using tender offers appear to be in less financial...

In this paper, we examine the relative explanatory power of three motivations for firms to remain debt free - managerial entrenchment, need for financial flexibility, and credit constraints. Consistent with the hypothesis that they lack access to debt markets, these firms are small, young,...

We study the intraday behavior of bid-ask spreads for actively traded CBOE options and for their NYSE-traded underlying stocks. We confirm previous findings that stocks have a U-shaped spread pattern; however, the options display a very different intraday pattern--one that declines sharply after...

L. Harris and E. Gurel (1986) and A. Shleifer (1986) examined changes in the Standard and Poor's list. Both studies presented evidence inconsistent with efficient markets. Looking at newer data and at bond and option prices, the authors find that case against market efficiency is not compelling....

In this paper, we examine why firms have no debt in their capital structure. We reject the hypothesis that zero-leverage policies are driven by entrenched managers attempting to avoid the disciplinary pressures of debt. These firms do not have weaker internal or external governance mechanisms....

This article reports on the determinants of the ARM choice for commercial real estate projects. The theoretical literature suggests that commercial real estate projects are more likely to be financed with an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) if the project's income stream or value is expected to...