This paper uses the Johansen multivariate cointegration procedure to test for the existence of long-run (cointegrating) relationships between employment, output, output prices, input prices and wages for the Australian manufacturing sector using quarterly data from 1975 until 1988. Three...

Effects of in-class variation and student rank on the probability of withdrawal: cross-section and time-series analysis for UK university students

From individual level longitudinal data for two entire cohorts of medical students in UK universities, we use multilevel models to analyse the probability that an individual student will drop out of medical school. We find that academic preparedness-both in terms of previous subjects studied and...