How fast transition should occur and how fast privatization and/or entry should take place in formerly socialist economies has been widely debated by economists. The field evidence on start-ups is mixed, with fragmentary data indicating that the performance of start-ups varies widely across...

China began its gradual economic reform in the late 1970s; Russia initiated radical reform in the early 1990s. During the course of reform, China has enjoyed rapid growth while Russia has contracted. This paper argues that an important explanation for the striking performance difference in China...

A density matrix first principles formalism is extended for use in coupled dynamical systems within the framework of the Zwanzig projection operator technique. Coupled linear integro-differential equations for the reduced density operators of two (or more) dynamical subsystems interacting with...