Exchange rates influence a country's trading capability, foreign reserves and competitiveness. Recently, the exchange rate between the Chinese RMB and the U.S. dollar has been a contentious issue in both the United States and China. In this paper, we conduct a historical review of how the United...

Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) marks a new era in China's economic reform. In this new era, state capital will lose its dominance of pillar industries such as iron and steel, automobile, petrochemicals, non-ferrous metal, insurance, telecommunication, banking, wholesale, and...

In the last 15 years, Australian governments' infrastructure policy has shifted systematically from directly providing virtually all infrastructure to creating competitive markets where competing public and private suppliers can provide infrastructure efficiently. Wide ranging competition and...