Using the standard theoretical model of trade, we study the welfare effects of tourism for developing countries with particular reference to Sub-Saharan Africa. We show that tourism can reduce welfare for trade regimes dominated by export taxes or import subsidies. In addition, we argue that...

In this paper, the authors show that the welfare effects of an export promotion zone can be divided into a factor terms-of-trade effect and a volume-of-trade effect. The first effect raises welfare, whereas the second is uncertain. To date, however, the literature has ignored the factor...

The authors study the effects of growth and changes in the external terms of trade on protection. There are two sectors, an urban sector and a rural sector, and trade policy is used to redistribute income between them. The authors show that growth precedes trade liberalization. In addition, they...

We examine the relationship between the relative price of nontradables and real exchange rate movements for fixed exchange rate regimes. Using BLS CPI data, we show that purchasing power parity holds strongly for tradables across U.S. regions. As a result, nontradables play a central role in...