R&D policies play an important role for developing technologies. Alternative technology indexes are tested to provide an improved understanding of technology index in the offshore oil and gas industry. The analysis compares ten alternative technology indexes including technology diffusion...

We take Chongqing as an example to analyze reasons for rural population gradient transfer from such factors as social system, industrial development, urban planning, and living costs. Finally, we present four policies and suggestions, including promoting urban construction, increasing investment...