Competitive pressures for EU industries have mounted because the international division of labour through trade has been complemented by corporate globalisation strategies. The EU is shown to' have dealt with this challenge less successfully than the other two members of the Triad. So far, it...

Since the 1980s, competitive pressure has increased in the world economy. In addition to traditional trade flows, the globalisation of production and markets has greatly enhanced the complexity of the international division of labour. Declining transaction and information costs have stimulated...