Long-term relationships between business firms and investment banks are pervasive in developed security markets and there is evidence that better monitoring and information result from these relationships. Therefore, security markets should allocate resources better when an investment banking...

We study the determinants of market structure in financial intermediation markets when property rights over information are weak. We show that incentives to gather information to screen firms can be preserved in decentralized markets with more than one intermediary. In equilibrium, each...

Previous studies have acknowledged the tradeoff between relationships and competition in financial intermediation. In this paper, we explore the structural determinants of this tradeoff in the investment banking market, by deriving it from the underlying relationship technology. In the model,...

We study how the sequence of financing of Ramp;D varies according to the ease with which property rights over knowledge can be defined. There are two financiers, a venture capitalist and a corporation. The knowledge acquired in costly research becomes embodied in the researcher's human capital,...

We study how the sequence of financing of Ramp;D varies according to the ease with which property rights over knowledge can be defined. There are two financiers, a venture capitalist and a corporation. The knowledge acquired in costly research becomes embodied in the researcher's human capital,...

We propose an explanation for why states choose different apportionment formulas for corporate income tax purposes. Based on a two-state equilibrium model of location choice by firms, we show that aggregate social welfare is maximized when both states use the same formula, regardless of which...

We investigate the effect of shareholder taxes on expected stock returns using a model that characterizes both the optimal portfolios of taxable and tax-exempt investors and the expected rates of return on risky stocks. When all income is taxed at the same effective rate, each investor's...

This paper develops a model of a firm's foreign investment decisions and characterizes its optimal investment and repatriation strategies. It then derives the theoretical relation between firm value and the book value of the deferred tax liability associated with such investments or, if no...

This paper develops and analyzes two models of asset valuation from which the appropriate discounts for lack of marketability, blockage, and minority ownership are derived. The analysis of the model shows that a lack of prospective buyers is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a...