We introduce an element of centralization in a random matching model of money that allows for private liabilities to circulate as media of exchange. Some agents which we identify as banks, are endowed with the technology to issue notes and to record-keep reserves with a central clearinghouse,...

We study the emergence and coexistence of monetary and credit transactions in a model where exchange is decentralized. Agents belong to different villages which are informationally separated. The frequency of meetings between any two different villages decreases as their respective geographic...