This article describes a method to improve the process of creating standards for management systems. It is demonstrated that by using the method, the quality of these standards can be improved: standards for quality management, environmental management, and occupational health and safety...

In this paper, standardization education is studied by combining standardization practice and academic reflection on that with the area of (regular and continuing) education. The question, which people are to be educated in standardization, is answered by making use of a standardization model....

While the Digital Versatile Disc was becoming the consumer's technology of choice for playing video content at the end of the 1990s, several companies started developing the next generation of optical discs. This led to a format war between two similar but incompatible high definition optical...

The banks in the Dutch chipcard market initially agreed on one chipcard system. One system is attractive for companies as well as consumers. Companies, banks and retailers, prevent costs of duplication, while consumers enjoy the benefits of a widespread acceptance of one card and do not face...