The paper tests some household savings hypotheses with time-series data for Pakistan over the 1950-51-1976-77 period. The permanent income model is found to give a much better explanation of the year-to-year variations in household saving than does the simple current income model. Among other...

This paper constructs indicators of structural bottlenecks arising from barriers to open markets, obstacles to business operations, and constraints to access to finance. Empirical evidence from a sample of 30 emerging economies indicates that barriers to open markets and access to finance are...

There has been much debate recently about the role of international development institutions, such as the World Bank in middle-income countries. Some observers have suggested that middle-income countries have reached a stage in their economic development that calls into question the rationale...

The author of this paper assesses the medium- to long-term outlook for global demand and supply of capital. He reaches the following conclusions: 1) the demand for investment funds in developing countries will remain strong, but most increased demand will likely be met by domestic savings....