By using data obtained from a questionnaire survey to Japanese firms in China, we empirically examine the effects of the IPR protection against local illegal imitation. No evidence has been found that patent and trademark registration, which constitutes a part of the IPR protection system, has a...

We have analysed the impact of price and other uncertainties on Hartwick's rule. It is well known, by the rule that the consumption level for a source exporting small open economy is kept constant over time as far as the economy extracts the resource competitively under given world price and...

We study a duopoly model of trade and its trade policy. The two country trade model to be discussed is the following. There are three goods (0,1 and 2). Good 0 is produced by perfectly competitive firms, and the good 1 and the good 2 are imperfect substitutes, each produced by a home and a...

This paper first of all develops a Cournot oligopolistic model with heterogeneous firms to examine each firm's choice between export-oriented foreign direct investments (FDI) and FDI to serve the host-country market. It is shown that there exist a critical level of efficiency such that all firms...

A new-product firm's entry strategy into foreign markets is considered. We show that, when product quality is unknown, a new-product firm may choose FDI over exporting to signal quality even if exporting is more cost-effective.