Experimental site had pH value of 7.44 with electrical conductivity of 0.14 dS/cm. Soil was alkaline, strongly calcareous (21.25% CaCO3), deficient in organic matter, nitrogen & phosphorus and adequate in potassium. It has no problem of salinity and is clay loam in texture. The grain yield was...

Should the current managers remain in control of the firm during financial distress? We address this issue by examining whether managers who take value-maximizing actions also refrain from abnormal selling of their own shares in the firm. Our empirical results show that managers in the action...

It is not known how exogenous shocks in oil price impact city economies. This study examines unemployment rates in Texas cities in relation to oil price movements during the period 1995–2008. We find that unemployment in the bigger cities like Austin, Dallas, and Houston, is not related to oil...

Managers place a low value on equity-based compensation because it exposes them to the risk of the firm. Such undervaluation and the need to achieve diversification may force a manager to sell his own stock of the firm in response to equity-based awards. In this paper we examine whether such...

This study examines if a CEO’s age and education explain introduction of hedging in the oil and gas industry. We compare CEO age, college degree, and educational institutions between the hedgers that initiated use of derivatives and the nonhedgers that never used hedging. Our findings show...