Côté, Jean-François; Potvin, Jean-Yves - In: European Journal of Operational Research 198 (2009) 2, pp. 464-469
This paper describes a tabu search heuristic for a vehicle routing problem where the owner of a private fleet can either visit a customer with one of his vehicles or assign the customer to a common carrier. The owner's objective is to minimize the variable and fixed costs for operating his fleet...