The desolate desert in Afghanistan's Kandahar and Helmand Provinces was previously populated by thousands of pastoralists until a devastating drought decimated animal herds and forced them to live as IDPs (Internally Displaced Persons) on land bordering the desert. Through funding from UNAMA...

This paper is an attempt to contribute to a better understanding of the very difficult arid environments in Uzbekistan, and for the conservation and rational use of halophytic rangelands resources. The survey was within a framework of Joint Research Project: <<Investigation of natural resources of Central Asia and reconstruction of agriculture in Afghanistan> supported by a Grant in Aid for...</<investigation>

This Paper is to describe the economic burden of thalassemia as a major health problem in thalassemia belt countries like Iran. Great emphasis is placed on prenatal diagnosis to prevent the disease, as the "economic" solution from a health care policy viewpoint. The alternative method of the...

In this paper, we propose a statistical index of industrial localization based on Kullback-Leibler divergence. This index is particularly well suited to cases where industrial data is only available at the regional level. Unlike existing regional-level indices, our index can be employed to test...

This paper analyzes repeated games in which it is possible for players to observe the other players' past actions without noise but it is costly. One's observation decision itself is not observable to the other players, and this private nature of monitoring activity makes it difficult to give...

The purpose of this paper is to decompose income inequality based on two different dimensions in nature. One is sample's personal characteristics, and the other is income sources. Empirical investigation is attempted to data in Japan. Although there are several studies which attempted...

There are several judicial cases under the US environmental law, in which a lending bank is liable for cleaning up environmentally hazardous materials generated by its borrowing firm. Such a liability rule, so-called lender liability, is applied to a lending bank which has been actively involved...

This paper constructs a small open economy version of the Kiyotaki and Moore (1997) model along the line developed by Kasa (1998) and derives a closed-form solution of the current account dynamics. Using the solution, a null hypothesis of no credit constraints is tested for the Japanese economy....

We study an infinitely repeated Bertrand game in which an i.i.d. demand shock occures in each period. Each firm recieves a private signal about the demand shock at the beginning of each period. At the end of each period, information about both the underlying demand shock and the rival's prices...

This papaer formulates a tenant management problem for a commercial retail real estate such as shopping center, provides an analytical framework for deriving the probability distribution of the sum of a discounted cash flow stochastically generated through the tenant management and finds an...