The standard put-call parity result does not include equalities based on buy-and-hold strategies for options on the minimum or maximum of two risky assets and for quantity-adjusting options. This article generalizes put-call parity to these contracts. International put-call parity relations and...

Quantity-adjusting option and forward contracts deliver a payoff on a variable quantity of underlying. This article explains the use, pricing, and hedging of such contracts. The pricing of product options is also derived. Product options include quantity-adjusting options as a special case and...

Connectivity is a measure of the number of connections in a network. It is applied here to financial network shutdown due to inter-institutional default. Since 1797 when Sir Francis Baring introduced the concept of ``lender of last resort" concepts such as "too-big-to fail",...

type="main" xml:lang="en" <title type="main">Abstract</title> <p>At large financial institutions, operational risk is gaining the same importance as market and credit risk in the capital calculation. Although scenario analysis is an important tool for financial risk measurement, its use in the measurement of operational risk...</p>