This paper considers endogenous technological changes of inputs from labor to capital in operations of a production process, i.e., a kind of mechanization of the production process. While retaining the property of decreasing returns in capital, we can show that because of complementary...

We clarify the different effects of elementary and higher education on human capital accumulation and inequality. The productivity of elementary education plays a significant role in the widening of inequality regardless of the existence of multiple steady states. When the productivity of...

This article explains deviations from formal expectations regarding choice behavior in settings where economic rationality (i.e., own payoff maximization) dictates either cooperating (full contribution) or free riding (no contribution) in the provision of public goods via the voluntary...

In this paper, we develop a model characterized by skill-biased technological change and increasing costs of education to investigate income inequality. Irregular workers cannot escape poverty by commencing investment in education because wage inequality between regular and irregular workers...

Using prefecture-level data on scholastic achievement tests in Japan, we found that parental income and education level positively affect student achievement. The effect of income on achievement is stronger for the high-scoring prefectures than for the low-scoring prefectures. The presence of...

<title>Abstract</title> In transport terms, Japan has an enviable reputation for operating effectively an incredibly complex road and rail system. However, relatively little is known about how this is done or about the issues that are facing policy‐makers and shapers in the country. The purpose of this...