The Government of Indonesia (GoI) increasingly relies on the private sector financing to build and operate infrastructures through public private partnership (PPP) schemes. However, PPP does not automatically provide the solution for the financing scheme due to value for money (VFM) issues. The...

Recent Public Private Partnerships (P3) in the United States represents a significant advancement in the level of participation of the private sector in the provision of road and highway assets. A number of states and local governments consider P3 as a mechanism to streamline project delivery,...

Due to special characteristics of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), the ―transaction cost‖ in PPPs is more than other delivery methods. Although there have been some attempts to study transaction costs in PPPs in Europe, transaction costs of PPPs in the US has not been explored well, and...