Market liquidity risk, the difficulty or cost of trading assets in crises, has been recognized as an important factor in risk management. The literature has already proposed several models to include liquidity risk in the standard Value-at-Risk framework. While theoretical comparisons between...

Market liquidity risk, the difficulty or cost of trading assets in crises, has been recognized as an important factor in risk management. Literature has already proposed several models to include liquidity risk in the standard Value-at-Risk framework. While theoretical comparisons between those...

It has been frequently discussed, that returns are not normally distributed. Liquidity costs, measuring market liquidity, are similarly non-normally distributed displaying fat tails and skewness. Liquidity risk models either ignore this fact or use the historical distribution to empirically...

We integrate liquidity risk measured by the weighted spread into a Value-at-Risk (VaR) framework. The weighted spread measure extracts liquidity costs by order size from the limit order book. We show that it is precise from a risk perspective in a wide range of clearly defined situations.Using a...

Market liquidity is the ease of trading an asset. Its risk is the potential loss, because a security can only be traded at high or prohibitive costs. While the omnipresence and importance of market liquidity is widely acknowledged, it has long remained a more or less elusive concept. Treatment...

Liquidity, the ease of trading an asset, strongly varies between different sizes of stock positions. We analyze this aspect using the Xetra Liquidity Measure (XLM), which calculates daily, weighted spread for impatient traders transacting against the limit order book. For this measure, we have...

In this paper, an extensive portfolio optimisation case study is conducted. For this, in a first step, a Markov-Switching model is estimated to time series of three global stock indices. The estimation includes a new methodology for the search for realistic initial values and a large number of...

In this paper, an extensive portfolio optimisation case study is conducted. For this, in a first step, a Markov-Switching model is estimated to time series of three global stock indices. The estimation includes a new methodology for the search for realistic initial values and a large number of...