<italic>Considering users as innovators has gained considerable support over the past 30 years. Eric von Hippel's work in this area forms a significant part of the theoretical underpinning and evidence behind this concept. Many further studies have been undertaken to support it. It has contributed to...</italic>

Innovation processes have changed significantly in the last four decades. Organizations no longer innovate on their own, aware that they need to decentralize their innovation activities and have to cooperate closely with other organizations in innovation systems. In this paper we discuss the...

The following sections are included: <ul><li class="bullet">Introduction</li></ul> <ul><li class="bullet">An Examination of the Evidence of the Closed Innovation Principles <ul><li class="bullet"> The smart people in our field work for us</li><li class="bullet"> To profit from R&D, we must discover, develop and ship it ourselves</li><li class="bullet"> If we discover it ourselves, we will get it to market first</li><li class="bullet"> If we...</li></ul></li></ul>

This paper builds upon Berkhout et al.'s (2010) cyclic innovation model (CIM). This model was shown to provide an effective framework for understanding and managing the innovation process and to address many of the shortcomings of previous models. Building on that article we have applied CIM to...

The concept of 'open innovation' has received a considerable amount of coverage within the academic literature and beyond. Much of this seems to have been without much critical analysis of the evidence. In this paper, we show how Chesbrough creates a false dichotomy by arguing that open...