Lead time (LT) is an inseparable factor of any supply chain (SC). Lead time uncertainty is known as a type of supply uncertainty that affects ordering policies, inventory levels, and product availability level. There are two main strategies concerning SC uncertainties: adapter and shaper...

Many criteria should be considered for project selection in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sectors; while, the resources are limited. Besides, the uncertainty of the selection and evaluation process increases the difficulty of ICT project selection. Therefore, a fuzzy system in...

In this paper, service level coordination is studied in a two-stage supply chain (SC). In the investigated model, a retailer is faced with uncertain lead time (LT) due to shipping time instability. Reducing lead time fluctuations is used as an incentive scheme to induce the retailer for...